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Chances are you hear the phrase bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, soil, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far off.

Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is done by high-powered computers that solve complex computational math problems (read: so complex they cannot be solved by hand). The fortune and work demanded by a computer to solve one of these problems is that the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.

The result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers solve these intricate math issues on the bitcoin network, they create new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold from the ground. And second, by solving computational math issues, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network trustworthy and protected, by verifying its transaction information. .

Theres a good chance all of that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining works in greater detail, lets begin with a procedure thats just a little bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.

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Consumers tend to anticipate printed currencies, at least in the United States. Feeling because the U.S. dollar is backed with a central bank known as the Federal Reserve. In addition to a bunch of other responsibilities, the Federal Reserve regulates the production of new money and prosecutes the usage of counterfeit currency. .

Even electronic payments using the U.S. dollar are backed with a central authority. When you make an online purchase using your debit or credit card, for example, that transaction is processed by means of a payment processing company like Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, these companies affirm that transactions are not fraudulent, which is one reason that your credit or debit card could be suspended while traveling. .

Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not regulated by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is backed by millions of computers across the world called miners. This network of computers plays the identical function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but using a few important differences. Like the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.

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When someone makes a purchase or sale using bitcoin, we call a transaction. Transactions made in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale methods, and physical receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the exact same effect without these institutions by clumping transactions together in cubes and adding them to a public document known as the blockchain. .

When bitcoin miners put in a new block of transactions to the blockchain, a part of their job is to ensure that these transactions are accurate. (More on the wonder of how this happens in a second) In specific, bitcoin miners be sure that bitcoin are not being duplicated, a unique quirk of digital currencies called double-spending.

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Once you spend $20 at the shop, that invoice is in the clerks handson. With digital currency, nevertheless, it is a different story. .

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Digital information can be reproduced relatively easily, so with bitcoin and other digital currencies, there's a risk that a spender can make backup of their bitcoin and send it to another party whilst still holding onto the original. Let us return to printed currency for a moment and say someone attempted to duplicate their 20 bill in order to spend both the original and the counterfeit in a supermarket shop.

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When the numbers were identical, then the clerk would know the money had been replicated. This analogy is similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they verify new transactions. .

With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, however, verifying every one of these transactions can be a great deal of work for miners, which gets at one other crucial difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are awarded check it out bitcoin whenever they include a new block of transactions to the blockchain.

In 2009, it was 50. In 2013, it had been 25, in the time of writing it's 12.5, and sometime in the center of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .

At this speed of halving, the entire number of bitcoin in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and valuable over time but also more costly for miners to produce.

Here's the catch. In order to get bitcoin miners to actually earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things have to occur. To begin with, they must verify 1 megabyte (MB) value of transactions, which can technically be as small as 1 transaction but are far more often a few thousand, depending on how much information each transaction stores.

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